Understanding the MOS paper tape format used by the KIM-1 and other 6502 systems. Breaking down the hex format line by line with checksum verification.

Optimizing 6502 memory transfers beyond the general-purpose approach. Testing on a 1MHz KIM-1 clone with precise timing measurements.

Testing real-world memory transfer speeds on 6502 machines. Inspired by Apple M2 marketing, let’s see what Commodore hardware can actually do.

Finding k-almost-primes using TinyBASIC on a KIM-1 clone. A look at the copyleft origins of TinyBASIC and Bill Gates’ infamous open letter.

Computing and displaying the first 10 Fibonacci numbers on a KIM-1’s hex display. Learning 6502 assembly the hard way with pencil and paper.